1 Introduction
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Literature calls for "tailored" Smart Mobility for less populated areas, what are the current challenges that these currently face and which solution(s) does the literature provide?
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What are the main hindering factors and how do they impact the feasibility of existing solutions in LDA?
2 Literature review
2.1 Policy landscape for LDA
2.2 Smart land & smart mobility systems
2.3 DRT (integration of smart mobility solutions)
3 Methodology
3.1 The methodological framework
3.2 The surveying activities
3.3 The STEEP approach
4 Case background of Estonia
5 Results
5.1 Output of the surveying activities
STEEP Component | Challenges |
---|---|
Social | Social inclusion (Organising transoprt according to social requirement, social & mobility impaired transport, transport for school and kindergarten) |
Mobility tracing (Social behaviour as input for deveelopment of social services, public transport, and better planning of the city’s development, monitoring, municipality border crossing) | |
Social change (Changing travel patterns, reducing car usage, increasing active mobility) | |
Participatory planning (In governance and decision making, developing cooperation between the local governments, NGOs, and private enterprises) | |
Technology | Infrastructural improvement (Street infrastructure for V2X technologies, improving traffic signs, smart parking, traffic calming, adaptive lights, upgrading PT technology) |
Traffic management (Replacing the static with dynamic analysis tools, dynamic parking fee, adaptive traffic management) | |
Security (Traffic data security, Cyber security) | |
Information (Deployment of electronic and mobile services, smart integrated + e/governance, information prcessing capacity, data-based governance and cooperation, unsystematic information and its readibility & transferability, Streamlining information system, big data for decision making, timely processing) | |
Planning (Technology integration, uniform level of services provision, reorganizing & devloping real time PT, improving traffic security, automation, understanding travel patterns, Smart city transition management, surveying, Managing geographical information, introducing digital on-demand/ other services) | |
Economic | Transport systems cost (Meeting PT operation costs, Public transport system advancement cost, capacity development for traffic flow analysis, power supply costs, real time data monitoring costs, Maritime upgratation and airfield development, construction of transfer centres for public transport) |
Sustainability transition cost (Hydrogen fuel operation, charging infrastructure cost, transport system component advancement cost) | |
Decision making (Economic decision making, shutting of long distance buses, PT investment prioritization, fuel transition) | |
Environmental | Motivation for adopting sustainable practices |
Implementation of environmentally-friendly PT services | |
Pollution (Sustainable insfrastructure and fuels) | |
Planning/documenting for sustainable urban traffic | |
Policy | Revising Infrastructural development (cycling and pedestrian infrastructure in streets,rebuiding streets and squares, reducing parking. car-free zones, setting organisational hierarchy, developing public transport network, improving urban–rural connections, social/school transport) |
Information and governance (Access of information, Lack of disaggregated data, integrated administration of departments and institutions, inclusive governance, organisational reforms, alligning goals with decision making, collaboration with other municipatlities) | |
Planning (Sustainable development pracices, reorganizing public transport, intermodality, distribution of mobility, road pricing, polycentric urban environment, revisingcity walking plan, enhancing public trust on PT, safety improvements for active mobility) | |
Developing niches (Establishing multi-modal mobility services, Development of Smart Transport and Mobility Hub, Regulations for new novel transport services, difficulty in attracting companise to small municipalities) | |
Decision making (Understanding the data usability, Adopting evidence-based nature of discretionary decisions, data-based governance and decisions initiatives, participatory planning for transport policy development) |
C1: Insufficient public transport for comfortable living arrangements for the population |
C2: The involvement of residents is resource-intensive and not user-friendly |
C3: Lack of skills and capabilities for data collection; scarce data usage |
C4: Inefficient and non-operational traffic management and road maintenance |
C5: There are no fast and sufficient connections to attraction centres |
C6: Traffic planning is not accurate because data cannot be used |
C7: Transport arrangements do not take into account all modes of movement and their interaction |
C8: Carbon emissions and inefficient energy use in transport |
5.2 STEEP classification
5.3 Spatial analysis
STEEP Component | Challenge scores | Average STEEP component score | |
---|---|---|---|
Social | Social inclusion (Organizing transport according to social requirement, social & mobility impaired transport, transport for school and kindergarten) | C1 (2.38) and C2 (2.08) | 2.22 |
Mobility tracing (Social behavior as input for development of social services, public transport, and better planning of the city’s development, monitoring, municipality border crossing) | C3 (2.13) | 2.13 | |
Participatory planning (In governance and decision making, developing cooperation between the local governments, NGOs, and private enterprises) | C2 (2.08) | 2.08 | |
Technology | Traffic management (Replacing the static with dynamic analysis tools, dynamic parking fee, adaptive traffic management) | C4 (2.00) | 2.00 |
Information (Deployment of electronic and mobile services, smart integrated + e/governance, information processing capacity, data-based governance and cooperation, unsystematic information and its readability & transferability, streamlining information system, big data for decision making, timely processing) | C4 (2.00) | 2.00 | |
Planning (Technology integration, uniform level of services provision, reorganizing & developing real time PT, improving traffic security, automation, understanding travel patterns, Smart city transition management, surveying, managing geographical information, introducing digital on-demand/ other services) | C5 (2.33) | 2.33 | |
Economic | Transport systems cost (Meeting PT operation costs, public transport system advancement cost, capacity development for traffic flow analysis, power supply costs, real time data monitoring costs, Maritime upgradation and airfield development, construction of transfer centers for public transport) | C3 (2.13) | 2.13 |
Sustainability transition cost (Hydrogen fuel operation, charging infrastructure cost, transport system component advancement cost) | C8 (2.00) | 2.00 | |
Decision making (Economic decision making, shutting of long-distance buses, PT investment prioritization, fuel transition) | C5 (2.33) | 2.33 | |
Environmental | Motivation for adopting sustainable practices | C8 (2.00) | 2.00 |
Implementation of environmentally friendly PT services | C8 (2.00) | 2.00 | |
Pollution (Sustainable infrastructure and fuels) | C8 (2.00) | 2.00 | |
Policy | Revising Infrastructural development (Cycling and pedestrian infrastructure in streets, rebuilding streets and squares, reducing parking. car-free zones, setting organizational hierarchy, developing public transport network, improving urban–rural connections, social/school transport) | C1 (2.38), C5 (2.33) and C7 (2.50) | 2.4 |
Information and governance (Access of information, Lack of disaggregated data, integrated administration of departments and institutions, inclusive governance, organizational reforms, aligning goals with decision making, collaboration with other municipalities) | C3 (2.13) and C6 (1.92) | 2.02 | |
Planning (Sustainable development practices, reorganizing public transport, intramodality, distribution of mobility, road pricing, polycentric urban environment, revising city walking plan, enhancing public trust on PT, safety improvements for active mobility) | C1 (2.38), C5 (2.33) and C7 (2.50) | 2.4 | |
Decision making (Understanding the data usability, Adopting evidence-based nature of discretionary decisions, data-based governance and decisions initiatives, participatory planning for transport policy development) | C3 (2.13) and C2 (2.08) | 2.1 |
5.4 SMS and challenges cross-referencing
Clustering | STEEP | Social | Technology | Economic | Environment | Policy | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Challenges | Insufficient public transport for comfortable living arrangements for the population | The involvement of residents is resource-intensive and not user-friendly | Skills and capabilities for data collection and low use | Inefficient and non-operational traffic management and road maintenance | There are no fast and sufficient connections to attraction centres | Carbon emissions and inefficient energy use in transport | Transport arrangements do not take into account all modes of movement and their interaction | Traffic planning is not accurate because data cannot be used | |
Car pooling/sharing schemas | SMS | – | – | ||||||
Micro-mobility services | – | ||||||||
Electric micro-mobility services | 1 | ||||||||
MaaS social hubs | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Electric buses | 1,2,3,4 | 1,2,3 | |||||||
Mitfahrbank (public bench) | – | ||||||||
e-Hitchhiking services | – | ||||||||
IoT & DRT | 1,2,3 | 1,2,3 | 1,2,3 | 1,2,3 | 1,2,3 | ||||
IoT & info-mobility | 1,3,4 | 1,3,4 | 1,3,4 | 1,3,4 | 1,3,4 | 1,3,4 | |||
Autonomous vehicles & self driving buses | 1,2,3,4 | 1,2,3,4 | |||||||
MultiBus DRT service | 2 | 2 | |||||||
Hydrogen or natural gas propel-led buses | 1,2,3,4 | 1,2,3,4 | |||||||
Smart traffic lights | 1 | 1 |