1 Introduction
ACI318-14, KBC 2016 (special structural wall) | AIJ2010 (RC wall with boundary columns) | EN1998-1:2004(E) (ductile wall) | |
---|---|---|---|
l
cr
| Max{lw, Mu/4Vu} or more | Max{2 × smaller of lc and b, 1.5 × greater of lc and b} at the upper and lower ends of the wall | Max[lw, hw/6] or more |
Geometrical constraints | lc≥ greater of c − 0.1lw and c/2 | – | bw ≥ hs/15 for lc < 2bw, 0.2lw bw ≥ hs/10 for lc > 2bw, 0.2lw bw ≥ 200 mm |
s | Min{1/3b, 6dbL, 100 + [(350 − hx)/3]} or less | 100 mm or less | Min{b0/2, 175, 8dbL} or less for DCM Min{b0/3, 125, 6dbL} or less for DCH |
Amount of transverse reinforcement | Greater of \(0.09\frac{{f_{c}^{{\prime }} }}{{f_{yt} }}\) and \(0.3\left( {\frac{{A_{g} }}{{A_{ch} }} - 1} \right)\frac{{f_{c}^{{\prime }} }}{{f_{yt} }}\) | 0.002 or more | \(\omega_{wd}\) ≥ 0.08 for DCM \(\omega_{wd}\) ≥ 0.12 for DCH |
2 Experimental Program
3 Specimen Design
Boundary element |
\(\frac{{P_{u} }}{{A_{g} f_{ck} }}\)
| ||
---|---|---|---|
Lateral confinement | sa | ||
RCW | – | – | 0.10 |
C-SCW1 | Closed hoop | Db/4 | |
C-SCW2 | D/3 | ||
U-SCW1 | Overlapping hoop (U-bar + crosstie) | D/4 | |
U-SCW2 | D/3 | ||
U-SCW3 | D/2.5 | ||
U-SCW4 | D/3 | 0.15 |
fck (MPa) | fy (MPa) | Pu (MPa) | B.E. length (mm) | Mn (kN m) | Ver. rebar | Hor. rebar | End rebar | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RCW | 24 | 400 | 768 | – | 1012 | D10@140 | D10@230 | – |
C-SCW1 | 210 | 2-2-D10 | ||||||
C-SCW2 | ||||||||
U-SCW1 | ||||||||
U-SCW2 | ||||||||
U-SCW3 | ||||||||
U-SCW4 | 1152 | 271 | 1208 | 2-3-D10 |
4 Materials
Concrete | Design compressive strength (MPa) | Cylinder strength (MPa) |
---|---|---|
RCW, C-SCW1 ~ 2 U-SCW1 ~ 4 | 24 | 27.05 |
Reinforcement | Yield strength (MPa) | Ultimate tensile strength (MPa) |
---|---|---|
HD10(SD400) | 506 | 624 |
5 Testing and Instrumentation
6 Experiment Results
6.1 Cracking and Fracture Mode
6.2 Moment—Drift Curves and Moment Strength
s (mm)c | Pu (kN) |
\(\frac{{P_{u} }}{{A_{g} f_{ck} }}\)
| Mn (kN m) | Mn,test (kN m) | Mmax (kN m) | \(D_{{M_{max} }}\) (%) | Dmax (%) |
\(\frac{{M_{max} }}{{M_{n} }}\)
|
\(\frac{{M_{max} }}{{M_{n,test} }}\)
|
μ
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RCW | – | 768 | 0.10 | 1012 | 1102.3 | 1135 | 1.43 | 2.0 | 1.12 | 1.03 | 6.9 |
C-SCW1 | 50 | 1169 | 2.58 | 3.0 | 1.16 | 1.06 | 9.4 | ||||
C-SCW2a | 65 | 1139 | 2.00 | 2.5 | 1.13 | 1.03 | 8.6 | ||||
U-SCW1 | 50 | 1125 | 2.47 | 2.5 | 1.11 | 1.02 | 8.6 | ||||
U-SCW2b | 65 | 1148 | 2.07 | 2.5 | 1.13 | 1.04 | 8.6 | ||||
U-SCW3 | 80 | 1132 | 1.89 | 2.0 | 1.12 | 1.03 | 8.0 | ||||
U-SCW4 | 65 | 1152 | 0.15 | 1208 | 1349.6 | 1356 | 2.13 | 2.5 | 1.12 | 1.00 | 8.6 |