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2024 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

9. The Refining Models or “Theories”

verfasst von : Vail Manfredi

Erschienen in: Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp Refining

Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland

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Abstract

The main theoretical models developed to describe the refining action of the pulp and explain the refining behavior in the development of the properties of refined pulps are presented in this chapter. The different models, also known as refining theories, are presented in chronological order, facilitating the visualization and understanding of the conceptual differences introduced by the different models over time (evolution of the refining “theories”).

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Zurück zum Zitat Martinez, M. – The energy expended on pulp fibres during low consistency refiners. Doctoral Thesis, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 1995 106 pgs. Martinez, M. – The energy expended on pulp fibres during low consistency refiners. Doctoral Thesis, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 1995 106 pgs.
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Zurück zum Zitat Kerekes, R. J. – Force-based characterization of refining intensity. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 26 (1): 14–20 (2011). Kerekes, R. J. – Force-based characterization of refining intensity. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 26 (1): 14–20 (2011).
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Zurück zum Zitat Martinez, M.; Batchelor, W. J.; Kerekes, R. J. e Ouellet, D. – Forces on fibres in low-consistency refining: normal force. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 23 (1): J11–J18 (1997). Martinez, M.; Batchelor, W. J.; Kerekes, R. J. e Ouellet, D. – Forces on fibres in low-consistency refining: normal force. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 23 (1): J11–J18 (1997).
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Zurück zum Zitat Joris, G. – Théorie mathématique du raffinage de la pâte à papier en basse concentration. Revue ATIP, 40 (10): 507–526 (1986). Joris, G. – Théorie mathématique du raffinage de la pâte à papier en basse concentration. Revue ATIP, 40 (10): 507–526 (1986).
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Zurück zum Zitat Leider, P. J. and Nissan, A. H. – Understanding the disk refiner: the mechanical treatment of fibers. Tappi, 60 (10): 85–90 (1977). Leider, P. J. and Nissan, A. H. – Understanding the disk refiner: the mechanical treatment of fibers. Tappi, 60 (10): 85–90 (1977).
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Zurück zum Zitat Lumiainen, J. – A new approach to the critical factors effecting refining intensity result in low-consistency refining. In: EUCEPA Meeting. EUCEPA, Stockholm, 1990 pg. 310. Lumiainen, J. – A new approach to the critical factors effecting refining intensity result in low-consistency refining. In: EUCEPA Meeting. EUCEPA, Stockholm, 1990 pg. 310.
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Zurück zum Zitat Lumiainen, J. – New theory can improve practice. Pulp and Paper International, 32 (8): 46–47, 54 (1990). Lumiainen, J. – New theory can improve practice. Pulp and Paper International, 32 (8): 46–47, 54 (1990).
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Zurück zum Zitat Kerekes, R. J.; Clara, M.; Dharni, S. and Martinez, M. – Application of the C-factor to characterize pulp refiners. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 19 (3): J125–130 (1993). Kerekes, R. J.; Clara, M.; Dharni, S. and Martinez, M. – Application of the C-factor to characterize pulp refiners. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 19 (3): J125–130 (1993).
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Zurück zum Zitat Kerekes, R. J.; Ouellet, D. and Martinez, M. – New perspectives on refining intensity. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 3 23 pgs. Kerekes, R. J.; Ouellet, D. and Martinez, M. – New perspectives on refining intensity. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 3 23 pgs.
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Zurück zum Zitat Musselman, R.; Letarte, D. and Simard, R. – Trial stage low consistency refining o TMP for energy savings and quality enhancement. In: IV International Refining Conference. PIRA, Fiuggi, 1997 Paper 9 pgs. 141–147. Musselman, R.; Letarte, D. and Simard, R. – Trial stage low consistency refining o TMP for energy savings and quality enhancement. In: IV International Refining Conference. PIRA, Fiuggi, 1997 Paper 9 pgs. 141–147.
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Zurück zum Zitat Charuel, R. C.; Roux, J. C.; Agostini, F. de e Roussele, M. – Influence de la géometrie des lames sur le raffinage des pátes chimiques. Revue ATIP, 42 (4): 153–160 (1988). Charuel, R. C.; Roux, J. C.; Agostini, F. de e Roussele, M. – Influence de la géometrie des lames sur le raffinage des pátes chimiques. Revue ATIP, 42 (4): 153–160 (1988).
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Zurück zum Zitat Lumiainen, J. – Refining intensity at low consistency – critical factors. Paper Technology, 32 (11): 22–26 (1991). Lumiainen, J. – Refining intensity at low consistency – critical factors. Paper Technology, 32 (11): 22–26 (1991).
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Zurück zum Zitat Kerekes, R. and Meltzer, F. – The influence of bar width on bar forces and fibre shortening in low consistency pulp refining. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 33(2): 220–225 (2018). Kerekes, R. and Meltzer, F. – The influence of bar width on bar forces and fibre shortening in low consistency pulp refining. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 33(2): 220–225 (2018).
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Zurück zum Zitat Olender, D.; Wild, P.; Byrnes, P.; Ouellet, D. and Sabourin, M. – Forces on bars in high-consistency mill-scale refiners: Effect of consistency. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 23 (2): 218–223 (2008). Olender, D.; Wild, P.; Byrnes, P.; Ouellet, D. and Sabourin, M. – Forces on bars in high-consistency mill-scale refiners: Effect of consistency. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 23 (2): 218–223 (2008).
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Zurück zum Zitat Berna, J. E. R.; Martinez, M. and Olson, J. – Power–gap relationships in low consistency refining. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 34 (1): 36–45 (2019). Berna, J. E. R.; Martinez, M. and Olson, J. – Power–gap relationships in low consistency refining. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 34 (1): 36–45 (2019).
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Zurück zum Zitat Giertz, H. W. – A new way to look at the beating process. NorskeSkog 18 (7): 239–248 (1964). Giertz, H. W. – A new way to look at the beating process. NorskeSkog 18 (7): 239–248 (1964).
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Zurück zum Zitat Lundin, T.; Wurlitzer, F.; Park, S. W. and Fardim, P. – Análise energética em refinação de baixa consistência de madeira de coníferas. O Papel, 70 (10): 41–60 (2009). Lundin, T.; Wurlitzer, F.; Park, S. W. and Fardim, P. – Análise energética em refinação de baixa consistência de madeira de coníferas. O Papel, 70 (10): 41–60 (2009).
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Zurück zum Zitat Lumiainen, J. – Refining of chemical pulp. In: Papermaking Science and Technology. Volume 8 – Papermaking Part 1 – Stock preparation and wet end, Chapter 4. Ed. Gullichsen, J. and Paulapuro, H. Finnish Paper Engineers’ Association/Paperi ja Puu Oy, Hesinki: 2000 pg. 86. Lumiainen, J. – Refining of chemical pulp. In: Papermaking Science and Technology. Volume 8 – Papermaking Part 1 – Stock preparation and wet end, Chapter 4. Ed. Gullichsen, J. and Paulapuro, H. Finnish Paper Engineers’ Association/Paperi ja Puu Oy, Hesinki: 2000 pg. 86.
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Zurück zum Zitat Rajendra D., Deshpande, R. D. – Energy considerations in stock preparation refining modified by recycling. Master’s Thesis. Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, 1988 164 pgs Rajendra D., Deshpande, R. D. – Energy considerations in stock preparation refining modified by recycling. Master’s Thesis. Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, 1988 164 pgs
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Zurück zum Zitat Rihs, J. – Low consistency refining – theory vs practice. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 10 15 pgs. Rihs, J. – Low consistency refining – theory vs practice. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta, 1995 Paper 10 15 pgs.
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Zurück zum Zitat Lumiainen, J. – Is the lowest refining intensity the best in the consistency refining of hardwood pulps? In: Papermakers Conference, Atlanta, 1994. 12 pgs. Lumiainen, J. – Is the lowest refining intensity the best in the consistency refining of hardwood pulps? In: Papermakers Conference, Atlanta, 1994. 12 pgs.
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Zurück zum Zitat Baker, C. F. – Various options for the control of refining process. In: IV International Refining Conference. PIRA, Fiuggi: 18-20/03/1997 Paper 16 pgs. 249–264. Baker, C. F. – Various options for the control of refining process. In: IV International Refining Conference. PIRA, Fiuggi: 18-20/03/1997 Paper 16 pgs. 249–264.
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Zurück zum Zitat Baker, C. F. – Critical review of refiner theory. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta: 20-22/03/1995 Paper 7 22 pgs. Baker, C. F. – Critical review of refiner theory. In: III International Refining Conference and Exhibition. PIRA/IPST, Atlanta: 20-22/03/1995 Paper 7 22 pgs.
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Zurück zum Zitat Mayade, T. L. – Statistical theory of chemical pulp refining: an innovative combined approach. Appita Journal, 50 (3): 237–244 (1997). Mayade, T. L. – Statistical theory of chemical pulp refining: an innovative combined approach. Appita Journal, 50 (3): 237–244 (1997).
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Zurück zum Zitat Levlin, J. E. – Characterisation of Beating Result. In: International Symposium of Fundamental Concepts of Refining. IPC, Appleton: 16-18/09/1980 pgs. 131. Levlin, J. E. – Characterisation of Beating Result. In: International Symposium of Fundamental Concepts of Refining. IPC, Appleton: 16-18/09/1980 pgs. 131.
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Zurück zum Zitat Manfredi, V.; Vilela, C. B. and Claudio-da-Silva Jr. E. – Efeito das variáveis operacionais de refino na evolução das propriedades da polpa refinada. In: Congresso Anual de Celulose e Papel. ABTCP, São Paulo, 1986 pgs. 189–207. Manfredi, V.; Vilela, C. B. and Claudio-da-Silva Jr. E. – Efeito das variáveis operacionais de refino na evolução das propriedades da polpa refinada. In: Congresso Anual de Celulose e Papel. ABTCP, São Paulo, 1986 pgs. 189–207.
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Zurück zum Zitat Manfredi, V. – Optimizing eucalyptus pulp refining. In: International Papermaking & Environment Conference. Ed. Yang, S.; Ni, Y e Liu, Z. Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin – China: 12-14/05/2004 Book A pgs. 41–50. Manfredi, V. – Optimizing eucalyptus pulp refining. In: International Papermaking & Environment Conference. Ed. Yang, S.; Ni, Y e Liu, Z. Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin – China: 12-14/05/2004 Book A pgs. 41–50.
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Zurück zum Zitat Lundin, T.; Batchelor, W. and Fardim, P. – Fiber trapping in low-consistency refining: new parameters to describe the refining process. Tappi Journal, 7 (7): 15–21 (July 2008). Lundin, T.; Batchelor, W. and Fardim, P. – Fiber trapping in low-consistency refining: new parameters to describe the refining process. Tappi Journal, 7 (7): 15–21 (July 2008).
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Zurück zum Zitat Page, D. H. – The beating of chemical pulps – the action and the effects. In Fundamentals of Papermaking, Trans. of the IXth Fund. Res. Symp. Cambridge, 1989, pgs. 1–38. Page, D. H. – The beating of chemical pulps – the action and the effects. In Fundamentals of Papermaking, Trans. of the IXth Fund. Res. Symp. Cambridge, 1989, pgs. 1–38.
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Zurück zum Zitat Koskenhely, K.; Nieminen, K. and Paulapuro, H. – Edge form profile of refiner filling bars and its impact on softwood fibre shortening. Paperi ja Puu – Paper and Timber, 89 (4): 1–6 (2007). Koskenhely, K.; Nieminen, K. and Paulapuro, H. – Edge form profile of refiner filling bars and its impact on softwood fibre shortening. Paperi ja Puu – Paper and Timber, 89 (4): 1–6 (2007).
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Zurück zum Zitat Baker, C. F. – Specific edge load theory – application and limitations. In: Current and Future Technologies of Refining Conference. PIRA, 1991 Volume 2 pg. 18. Baker, C. F. – Specific edge load theory – application and limitations. In: Current and Future Technologies of Refining Conference. PIRA, 1991 Volume 2 pg. 18.
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Zurück zum Zitat Kerekes, R. J. and Tam Doo, P. A. – The effect of beating and low-amplitude flexing on pulp fibre flexibility. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 15 (1): 36 (1989). Kerekes, R. J. and Tam Doo, P. A. – The effect of beating and low-amplitude flexing on pulp fibre flexibility. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 15 (1): 36 (1989).
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Zurück zum Zitat Ouellet, D.; Bennington, C. P. J.; Senger, J. J.; Borisoff, J. F. and Martiskainen, J. M. – Measurement of pulp residence time in a high-consistency refiner. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 22 (8): J301–305 (1996). Ouellet, D.; Bennington, C. P. J.; Senger, J. J.; Borisoff, J. F. and Martiskainen, J. M. – Measurement of pulp residence time in a high-consistency refiner. Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 22 (8): J301–305 (1996).
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Zurück zum Zitat Hietanen, S. – The role of fiber flocculation in chemical pulp refining. Paperi ja Puu, 73 (3): 249–259 (1991). Hietanen, S. – The role of fiber flocculation in chemical pulp refining. Paperi ja Puu, 73 (3): 249–259 (1991).
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Zurück zum Zitat Kim, A-R.; Choi, K-H. and Cho, B.-U. – Changes in fiber characteristics by low concentration sodium hydroxide swelling and beating. Journal of Korea TAPPI. 46 (3): 65–72 (2014). Kim, A-R.; Choi, K-H. and Cho, B.-U. – Changes in fiber characteristics by low concentration sodium hydroxide swelling and beating. Journal of Korea TAPPI. 46 (3): 65–72 (2014).
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Zurück zum Zitat Mohlin, U.-B. and Wennberg, K. – Some aspects of the interaction between mechanical and chemical pulps. Tappi Journal, 67 (1): 90–93 (1984). Mohlin, U.-B. and Wennberg, K. – Some aspects of the interaction between mechanical and chemical pulps. Tappi Journal, 67 (1): 90–93 (1984).
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Zurück zum Zitat Brecht, W. – A method for the comparative evaluation of bar-equipped beating devices. Tappi, 50 (8): 40–44 (1967). Brecht, W. – A method for the comparative evaluation of bar-equipped beating devices. Tappi, 50 (8): 40–44 (1967).
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Zurück zum Zitat Kartowaara, I. –The average number of impacts experienced by a fiber in a disk refiner: comment. Tappi, 61 (8): 90 (1978). Kartowaara, I. –The average number of impacts experienced by a fiber in a disk refiner: comment. Tappi, 61 (8): 90 (1978).
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Zurück zum Zitat Bian, L.; Liu, S.; Pu, Y.; Liu, C. and Yuan, L. – Appraisal of a disk refiner performance. Guowai Zaozshi, 16 (1): 28–31 (1997) according to ABIPST, 68 (2): 123 reference 1409(AS). Bian, L.; Liu, S.; Pu, Y.; Liu, C. and Yuan, L. – Appraisal of a disk refiner performance. Guowai Zaozshi, 16 (1): 28–31 (1997) according to ABIPST, 68 (2): 123 reference 1409(AS).
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Metadaten
Titel
The Refining Models or “Theories”
verfasst von
Vail Manfredi
Copyright-Jahr
2024
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47285-5_9

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